Behavioural Effects on Buyer Purchasing Behaviour

Behavioural Effects on Buyer Purchasing Behaviour EVALUATING BEHAVIORAL FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMER’S PURCHASE OF CLOTHING AND ORNAMENTS Presented by Soumita De Shivam Sitoke Piyushi Chaudhary Pratiksha Wadekar Abstract This study evaluates behavioral components affecting buyer purchasing conduct of garments and adornments (Jewelry) in Pune, India. It was particularly carried out to analyze customer purchasing decision making process and survey social, financial and in addition individual components affecting purchasing behavior. Information for the study were assembled through structured questionnaire, on a sample of 120 buyers. The purpose behind this exploration is to inspect purchasers purchasing conduct and comprehend the key elements of brands which impact shoppers contribution towards in vogue marked apparel and stylish adornments. The socio-cultural elements are some of the crucial determinants of an individuals need and behavior. This paper extends comprehension of customer purchasing behavior identified with Indian environment and highlights the elements that exceedingly impact purchaser association in fashion. Introduction In addition to having speedier populace development, India in late decades has made striking financial increases, which have brought about changing societal view of the Indian purchasers. Thus, Indians have turned into a practical ethnic target business sector, Clothing area firms are contending to expand their benefit experience the business and among these organizations; branded attire has moved the traditional dressing enthusiasm of individuals. The Indian clothing business sector has showed growth and development in a sector described by moderate monetary development. The household clothing business, which was worth INR 207,400 crore (~USD 38 billion) starting 2012, is required to develop at a compound normal growth rate (CAGR) of 9% through the following decade. Further, the late exclusion of extract obligation on marked attire has given a driving force to retailers as far as the general business sector opinion. Development in Apparel Industry in India is expanding complex with the change in way of life, income and urbanization of the individuals. The overall customers are accepting the clothing style items created in India. AII has understood the tremendous potential to yield business in this section. The Indian purchasers are embracing stylish things rapidly and helpfully with the ascent in rivalry. The present study has been led to determine the data on the patterns of Apparel Industry in India through dissecting the present and future angles. The gems and Jewelery business is one of the biggest buyer divisions in the nation, bigger than telecom, cars and attire and maybe second just to the nourishment segment. Shoppers are more quality cognizant. The Indian adornments business sector is experiencing a slow transformation from unorganized to organized sector. In a short compass of time, sorted out retailers have effectively actualized a change in the purchasing example of the Indian buyers. This is obvious from the movement from the customary jewelery dealer to the jewelery specialist with a character. This shift obviously demonstrates a change in perspective of adornment as an item to brand Identification. Literature Review A paper named ‘Evaluation of Socio-Cultural Factors Influencing Consumer Buying Behaviour of Clothes in Borno State, Nigeria’ by Lawan A. Lawan and Ramat Zanna said that Socio-cultural variables made up of social, monetary, and instrumental variables are key components influencing buyer purchasing behavior, it is in this way presumed that socio-cultural elements, either acting autonomously or in conjunction with other individual or demographic components have huge impacts at every stage (need distinguishment, data pursuit, and assessment, support, and post buy conduct) of the purchaser garments purchasing decision making procedure. Having developed the idea from this paper, we try to test the how various buying behavior influence the consumption of an individual in Pune, India. A paper by Namrata Anand and Vandana Khetarpal from Haryana- India named â€Å"Growth of Apparel industry in India: Present and Future† India alternatively said that the span of both domestic and exports houses of Apparel Industry in India (AII) is anticipated to develop at a CAGR of 9.5% to reach $223 billion by 2021 from the $89 billion in 2011, as indicated by a white paper by industry body FICCI and research firm Technopak. Indias offer of the worlds clothing fares remains at 4.5%. It is evaluated that because of the expanding movement of clothing and material creation to Asian countries and the breaking down fare intensity of China, this figure will develop to 8% by 2020, with an aggregate fares estimation of $82 billion. This development, from 4.5 to 8% of world exchange, will open up immense potential for Indian players. According to Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the survey stated that most gold jewelery publicized in India as 22-carat was of a lesser quality. Over80% of the diamond setters sold gold adornments running from 13.5 carats to 18 carats as22-carat gold gems. The late 1990s saw various marked adornments players entering the Indian market. O ne can watch that there is gigantic extension for the development of marked gems. Despite the financial stoppage specialists accept that it will develop at a CAGR of 25%. A paper on â€Å"Purchasing Behavior of Women towards Ornaments: A Case Study of Bihpuria Town under Lakhimpur district, Assam† which focuses on the purchasing behavior of ornaments by women in Assam and the percentage of money spent on the ornaments from their total income. Empirical research on the influence of culture on consumer buying behaviour, conducted by Kacea and Lee revealed that there is a compelling and steady impact of society at both ethnicity level and the individual level. The study included that among numerous parts of buyer purchasing conduct which social components moderate incorporate character toward oneself, regularizing impacts, the concealment of feeling, and the post asphalt of moment satisfaction. Objective of the Study To study and comprehend the purchasing conduct of shoppers for branded and non-branded jewellery and clothing The study bails us to discover the contrast between discernment, feeling and conduct of branded and non-branded jewellery and clothing. This exploration provides for us a thought regarding the parameters, purchaser consider while purchasing garments or adornments and to know the level of information that the buyers have while purchasing. Methodology The region of study is the city of Pune, Maharashtra, India. Pune is said to be the social capital of the condition of Maharashtra. It embodies Marathi society, which lays accentuation on training, expressions and artworks, music, and theater. Pune society mirrors a mix of conventions with advancement, alongside facilitating established shows. Organized poll was utilized to inspire reactions on components impacting customer purchasing conduct. The populace for the study involved occupants from distinctive regions in Pune. The exploration utilized just essential wellsprings of information. Information acquired were subjected to illustrative measurements, chi square, T-Statistics and different relapse investigation utilizing a measurable bundle; GRETL and SPSS. Analysis and Interpretation The information acquired were investigated through program named Gretl and the outcomes were then interpreted. In this study as data collection system, questionnaire /survey was preferred to get target information. Questionnaire has been readied remembering the different human practices and it contained the accompanying questions: Do you like shopping around? Yes No Graph 1 How often do you go shopping? Sometimes Quite Often Regularly Never Graph 2 What tempts you to shop? Attractive advertisements Discounts Fashion Others Graph 3 When shopping, what do you look for? Value for money Good Quality Customer service Product image Others Graph 4 Do you prefer brands? Yes No Graph 5 If yes, which brand? (Clothing brand) If yes, which brand? Ornament brand (Jewellery) Where do you prefer to shop? Online Shopping Malls Market Exhibitions Others Graph 6 Why do you usually shop for Ornaments? For Festive Reasons For Occasions (Weddings, Birthdays) For Gifting Purpose For Investments Purpose For Re-sale Values For Daily Wear Graph 7 The Population Regression Function for Clothing is given by: Yi = ÃŽ ²1 + ÃŽ ²2X1i + ÃŽ ²3X2i + ÃŽ ²4X3i + ÃŽ ²5X4i + ÃŽ ²6X5i + ÃŽ ²7 X6i + ÃŽ ²8 X7i +Ui Where Yi is the dependent or the explained variable, the X’s are the independent or explanatory variables and Ui is the error term. Yi = Consumption Demand X1i = Age X2i = Shopping Intensity X3i = Shopping Frequency X4i = Shopping Temptation X5i = Shopping Requirements X6i = Shopping Brands X7i = Shopping Place ÃŽ ²1= Constant ÃŽ ²2= Coefficient of Shopping Intensity ÃŽ ²3 = Coefficient of Shopping Frequency ÃŽ ²4 = Coefficient of Shopping Temptation ÃŽ ²5 = Coefficient of Shopping Requirements ÃŽ ²6 = Coefficient of Shopping Brands ÃŽ ²7 = Coefficient of Shopping Place We have taken the period 1980-2011 for conducting our study Null Hypothesis: To test ÃŽ ²1 = ÃŽ ²2 = ÃŽ ²3 = ÃŽ ²4 = ÃŽ ²5 = ÃŽ ²6 = ÃŽ ²7 = ÃŽ ²8 = 0 Alternative Hypothesis: ÃŽ ²1 = ÃŽ ²2 = ÃŽ ²3 = ÃŽ ²4 = ÃŽ ²5 = ÃŽ ²6 = ÃŽ ²7 = ÃŽ ²8 ≠  0 After we run an OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) on the available data we get the following results as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Interpretation OLS regression analysis was employed to show the relative influences of variables like age, shopping intensity, shopping frequency, shopping temptation, shopping requirements, shopping brands, shopping place on consumer buying behavior of clothes in the state of Pune. The results indicates that when there is a rise in age by 1 unit, the Consumer demand rises by 0..47 units The result indicates that when there is a rise in shopping intensity by 1 unit, the Consumer demand falls by 4.76 units. The result indicates that when there is a rise in shopping frequency by 1 unit, the Consumer demand rises by 3.56 units. The result indicates that when there is a rise in shopping temptation by 1 unit, the Consumer demand rises by 0.963 units. The result indicates that when there is a rise in shopping requirements by 1 unit, the Consumer demand rises by 1.467 units. The result indicates that when there is a rise in shopping brands by 1 unit, the Consumer demand falls by 46.15 units. The result indicates that when there is a rise in shopping place by 1 unit, the Consumer demand falls by 1.724 units. From the survey and the noted results through the pie charts we can make the following interpretation on the buying behaviour of the consumers:- Shopping intensity shows a negative coefficient influence whereas shopping frequency shows a positive coefficient influence. Income of consumers have the most influences on consumer buying decision process due to the fact that low income earners may want to prioritize their spending to satisfy basic needs and high income earners concentrate more on their taste and preferences. As a result we see a negative coefficient influence with the consumer buying demand and the place of shopping. Consumers with higher income tend to choose places with brands and luxurious commodities as compared to people with lower income, who would choose to maximize their utility of consumption by minimizing the cost. Hence they may prefer to choose places where non-branded clothes are available too. Shopping temptation and requirements have a positive coefficient influence thus stating that when people are tempted by advertisements, their demand for consumption rises. Consumers shop according to their requirements which are a major factor determining consumer’s propensity to spend and the lower it is the higher the need to carefully share it among basic needs. Shopping brands seem to have a negative coefficient influence on the consumer demands proving that people prefer quality of product more than the brand name associated with it. Age was found to have great impacts on purchasing choice process as uncovered by the positive relapse coefficient impacts over the purchasing choice stages. This may most likely be because of our propensities to learn and adjust to methods for the general public as we go through our lifecycle stages, and especially on account of physical advancement, which influence the kind garments we purchase. Since we have cross Sectional data, there might be a presence of heteroscedaticity. In order to cure heteroscedasticity, we use the General White’s test and see the following result:- We take the null of homoscedasticity. The higher the P-Value, more we do not reject the null of homoscedasticity. In order to carry on with the research, we need a more fitted model . Graph 8 Fit of all the variables with Consumer Demand From the above graphs we see how well the consumer demand fits with the independent variables like age, shopping intensity, shopping frequency, shopping temptation, shopping brands, shopping requirements and shopping place. After we run an Chi-Square test on the available data on Ornaments (Jewellery) we get the following results as shown in Table 2, 3 and 4. Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 The study investigated that there is significance between consumer’s age and their choice of brands related to ornaments. We compute a chi-square test. The graphs and the Chi-Square test help us obtain an insight into the consumer’s behavior towards purchasing ornaments. The purchase can be made with respect to festivities, investment, marriages or gifts. The research shows that both male and female gender buys ornaments. We can thus conclude that female gender shows attraction towards jewellery mainly because of consumption but male gender purchases it for investment. Maximum female consumers are interested in the purchase of ornaments. The purpose/reason for purchase varies from consumer to consumer. Conclusion This examination adds to the comprehension of buyer purchasing conduct in the attire and adornment market. The significant discoveries of the study demonstrated that the general arrangement of autonomous/independent variables was weekly connected with the dependent variable. These examinations make it conceivable to find consumer choice making guidelines. The climbing economy has made Indian purchasers more wealthy. This study has concentrated on how the purchasing conduct of customers differs. In light of this study, we presumed that, individuals in Pune city have relevant learning about various brands of the Clothes and adornments. Information about garments and adornments vary in light of the age level. The demographic components like age, sexual orientation i.e., gender, capability, frequency and so on segregating the purchasing conduct of Clothes and Ornaments is in view of this study the mindfulness level of purchasers. The majority of the respondents have the important learning on the famous brands. Respondents are very little partial by retailers data. The criticalness of adornments in the nation is obvious from the way that on numerous promising events, jewellery forms a piece of blessings. Jewellery has not just been considered with the end goal of adoration, additionally as a security in times of contingency. This is on the grounds that it is regularly extravagant and can be sold at whatever point there is a critical need of cash. Thusly, jewellery additionally fill the need of protection, which can be relied on. Because of the hugeness gold holds in India, the Indians purchase gold much of the time for weddings, as well as on their adoring occasions. Buyer’s state of mind, attitude and conduct on adornments purchase in Pune City has assumed a huge role. References www.insikapub.com/Vol-01/No-03/07IJBAS(1)(3).pdf worldwidescience.org/topicpages/c/consumer+buying+behaviour.html mailer.oalib.net/paper/2690805 www.technopak.com/files/Indian_Apparel_Market.pdf www.citiindia.com/pdf/Harminder%20Sahni.pdf www.cmu.edu/diertrich/sde/docs/lowenstein/behavioraleconomics.pdf scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi nowandfuture.com/d2/behavioraleconomicsribe239.pdf www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/demand/economicbehavior/pdf/appendixa.pdf www.nber.org/papers/w7948.pdf Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/plumed/16813142 BOOKS Handbook of Centerport Behavioral Economics, By Morris Altman Behavioral Economic comes of age, By Princeton University ________________________________________________________

Life and Death Themes in the Sandbox and Everyman

Research Paper – Life and Death Themes in The Sandbox and Everyman COURSE # ENGL-102_D22_200940 COURSE TITLE: English 102 SEMESTER OF ENROLLMENT: D Fall 2009 NAME Glen MacDonald Glen MacDonald Professor Smith English 102 December 5, 2009 Research Paper – Life and Death Themes in The Sandbox and Everyman This paper explores the perception and treatment of death at points in history some 500 years apart by using two dramatic plays as a portal into their respective time periods.The anonymously written 15th century play Everyman and the 1959 Edward Albee play, The Sandbox provide two extreme points of contrast to demonstrate the significant changes and similarities in man’s living conditions and his perceptions and treatment of death. An overview of life in medieval England about the year 1500, and life in America in 1959 is provided up front to establish the realities of the time period in which to review each play.Both plays will be examined by referencing research regarding their respective authors, the works themselves and by incorporating other materials that provide insight into their significance and meanings. The paper will conclude by providing a summary of insights and points of interest regarding the perception and treatment of death during both eras. Life in 16th century medieval England was considerably different than American life in 1959.In addition to the substantial difference in day to day living conditions, such as a roof over ones head or heat and light, life in medieval England was brutal by today’s standards. Many aspects of daily existence that we take for granted in modern American cities such as sanitation, nutrition and medical care were mostly non-existent in a medieval English city. The limited availability of health and basic services, contributed to high rates of disease which reduced the average life expectancy to approximately 40 years old.According to Carolyn Freeman Travers, a Research Manager with Plimo th Plantation, the rate of infant mortality and death from childhood disease was much higher during that time period than it was in 1959 (1). Travers points out that many people did live to be older than the 40 year average, but it was only if they survived childbirth and then navigated the disease prone childhood years to make it to adulthood (1). By comparison, life in America in the late 1950’s was much easier, as is reflected by the life expectancy statistics.According to the U. S. Department of Health’s, Life Tables for 1959, the average life expectancy in the United States in 1959 was approximately 70 years of age (76). This 30 year or so difference in life expectancy, although significant on its own, when combined with the medieval childhood death statistics and the fact that death most often occurred within one’s home, the average medieval adult would have likely had a great deal of personal experience with death, likely within their own families.This is not the case in 1959 America where death often happened in a hospital setting or where the mature funeral business quickly whisked a body away from the home setting. Another interesting reference point for the two time periods is religion, and the level and significance of participation in organized religion. According to Chris Trueman, a British history teacher religious participation has changed dramatically during the past 500 years. The Medieval Church played a far greater role in Medieval England than the Church does today.In Medieval England, the Church dominated everybody's life. All Medieval people – be they village peasants or towns people – believed that God, Heaven and Hell all existed. From the very earliest of ages, the people were taught that the only way they could get to Heaven was if the Roman Catholic Church let them. Everybody would have been terrified of Hell and the people would have been told of the sheer horrors awaiting for them in Hell in the weekly services they attended. (1) (Trueman, Chris. â€Å"The Medieval Church. History Learning Site. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Dec. 2009. ) Although accurate estimates for religious participation in the United States in 1959 were not readily available, it is likely that between 80% – 90% of Americans participated in regular religious activities during that period of time. Even though this participation number is not significantly lower that the medieval participation number, it is evident that organized religion no longer plays the dominant role in the daily life of western culture that it did during medieval times.It seems that even though the majority of people continue to participate in organized religion, that adherence to traditional Christian based beliefs, rituals surrounding death, personal morals and family values all have deteriorated significantly in western culture since medieval times. An example of this change in family values is evident by the way in which we car e for elderly parents today and how in many cases parents are treated with the out of sight out of mind mentality which is very pervasive in western society today.This trend is highlighted by the significant increase in the number of old age homes springing up across America. As Ruiping Fan reported in The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy in 2007, â€Å"Across the world, socio-conomic [sic] forces are shifting the focus of long-term care from the family to institutional settings, producing significant moral, not just financial costs (1). Fan goes on to discuss the increasing move away from filial piety (respect and responsibility for parents), which had been a staple in eastern culture, towards more western oriented cultural norms, which includes institutional care for elderly parents (2).Fan explains the reasons for these cultural changes saying, â€Å"It is just not feasible for most of us to undertake family care in today’s society because most of us are living in a ho usehold where both husband and wife are working to support the household† (7). In looking at how the author of Everyman perceives and treats death, one must keep in mind that the primary purpose of medieval morality plays was to communicate the religious message of the day to the mostly uneducated and illiterate population.In this case the play’s author demonstrates the high significance of his message regarding death by immediately and dramatically introducing death in Everyman. He accomplishes this by quickly and specifically orienting the audience to the play’s theme of death and by introducing the Death character to the audience. The introduction of Death takes place at the end of God’s speech where He calls upon death by saying â€Å"Where art thou, Death, thou mighty messenger? † (line 63). This is somewhat nusual for a play of this time as Allen Goldhamer notes in his 1973 journal article where he says: In order to understand the play’ s greatness, one should bear in mind that Everyman’s presentation of death is highly unusual. The dramatization of death usually occupies the latter portion of the final act of a play and is often handled sensationally or sentimentally. In Everyman the hero begins to die near the opening of the play, and the focus of the drama is on a man involved in the stages of death. (87) (Goldhamer, Allen D. Everyman: A Dramatization of Death† Quarterly Journal of Speech 59. 1 (1973): 87. Communication ; Mass Media Complete. EBSCO. Web. 10 Dec. 2009. ) For those attending a circa 1500 performance of Everyman, the dramatic delivery of this play combined with the pertinent messages of redemption and salvation along with the death theme would have both captivated the audience and instilled extreme fear in them. As noted by Dennis Moran in his 1972 paper on â€Å"Everyman,† in speaking about the play’s character Death, he notes that â€Å". . .Death physically quits the stage with four-fifths of the play remaining and the terror aroused by his summons almost wholly subsides with Everyman’s return to sanctifying grace† (324). Speaking in today’s terms, this would have translated into a prime time television commercial for the Roman Catholic Church, representing the only way in which one could access God’s salvation, achieve eternal life and not be dammed to hell. It is also interesting to note the evident Roman Catholic theme regarding Good Deeds as the measuring stick of one’s earthly life, the price for salvation and entry into heaven upon death.This is highlighted when Good Deeds says â€Å"All earthly things is but vanity: Beauty, Strength, and Discretion do man forsake, Foolish friends, and kinsmen, that fair spake – all fleeth save Good Deeds, and that am I† (lines 870-73). As you read this play and visualize watching the play from the audience’s perspective or maybe even being placed dire ctly in Everyman’s literal situation, one becomes aware of the specific knowledge the author portrays regarding the mental manipulation involved in dying.This is evident as the play’s author leads Everyman through the initial stages associated with his impending death, first where he demonstrates a lack of recognition of Death, then by asking Death for more time and then by attempting to bribe Death with ? 1,000, all which happens before he starts to consider and then later accept his fate. As Goldhamer notes in his paper, this process closely parallel’s modern psychological thinking on death as he alludes to when he says â€Å"There is no reason for us to assume that earlier ages possessed any less profound insight than our own in the matter of death† (88).In complete contrast to Everyman is Edwards Albee’s 1959 play The Sandbox, where death is turned into the farcical backdrop for this generational satire. The death of Grandma is used to highligh t the absolute nonsense that goes on in many multi-generational family relationships, and highlights how elderly parents are often treated like children or even worse, like pets, by their own children. Unlike in Everyman, where death pursues our protagonist based on God’s command to do so, in The Sandbox, Albee uses the aggressive Mommy and the meek grumbling Daddy characters to drag Grandma to her death.They bring her on stage against her will dumping her cockeyed in the sandbox where the Angel of Death is hovering near by. According to Mathew Roudane in his book about Albee, he notes Albee’s use of death as a common theme in many of his plays and then adds that â€Å"Albee continually returns to exploring the darker side of the human soulscape† (6). Later Roudane makes reference to comments from an interview with Albee regarding his perception of death, here he recounts Albee as saying â€Å"how we lie to ourselves and to each other, how we try to live withou t the cleansing consciousness of death† (23).Although one could interpret Albee’s comments a number of ways, he is pretty clear that he feels death is an important theme in â€Å"The Sandbox† and in his other plays. It appears that he uses the death theme to tell people to wake up and live life completely, because life is short and ends abruptly with death. The life and death contrast he is alluding to is made evident in The Sandbox by how alive Albee makes the soon to die elderly Grandma character appear in contrast to the emotionally dead characters of Mommy and Daddy. Aside from the Angel of Death played by the young man, The Sandbox contains no directly visible religious references.In a literal sense, Grandma’s death is portrayed as strictly the physical act of dying, much like the treatment of death in modern American culture where rituals associated with death and the proceedings at some funerals appear to be surreal. However, Albee has built additio nal metaphors into this play by using the somewhat simple stage setup including the background of sea and sky along with the sandbox and a few chairs. As Lucina Gabbard states in her 1982 review of The Sandbox: â€Å"In this play, the sandbox is the entrance hall of life, the hospital dying room, and the grave.It is located on a sandy beach near the sea, whose waters symbolize both birth and death† (28). Gabbard goes on to point out how the characters support these additional metaphors as she writes â€Å"As the action of the play proceeds, the symbolism deepens. Mommy and Daddy, seated opposite the sandbox, perform two rituals simulta-neously [sic]: baby-sitting and death-watching† (28). Albee stretches out the play’s climatic event, the death of Grandma, with extreme patience, all the while emphasizing each character’s role and thought processes.For Grandma, she recounts her life from a serious perspective as a wife and mother when talking about living on the farm with her now deceased husband and then from a less serious perspective when she says â€Å"I had to raise that big cow over there all by my lonesome† (1068). The offstage noises signal that Grandma’s death is looming closer, which causes the silly dialogue between Mommy and Daddy to increase, thereby focusing the audience on the contrived nature of Grandma’s disposal from the family.Finally after Mommy and Daddy prepare to leave and Grandma is nearing her end, Mommy says â€Å"We must put away our tears, take off our mourning . . . face the future. It’s our duty† (1069). The ending and ultimate death of Grandma incorporates the only noticeable moment of love in the entire play, this kiss between the Angel of Death lets Grandma leaves the world with a final contented line â€Å"You’re . . . you’re welcome dear† (1069). In the end Albee treats the death of Grandma with the love and compassion you would hope for and ex pect in real life.Although these two plays, Everyman and The Sandbox appear at opposite ends of the spectrum in many ways, they both deal directly with issues surrounding death and provide insight and a historical perspective of the prevailing culture. At the time that Everyman was first playing, the Roman Catholic Church held the monopoly on the rituals associated with death, and they were striving to educate the population on how to live within the context of honoring Church and God.Although this is meant to be a very serious play, the dry humor and embedded entertainment value is made evident by how the plot and characters combine to ensure salvation for Everyman. At the other end of the scale, Albee establishes a very novel approach to communicate his message of abandonment and how American culture has evolved into a self-centered miserable existence for the masses. This play makes the point that without a purposeful, intentional life including thought and reflection regarding o nes own death and even one’s eternal life, that life itself can become an irrelevant meaningless struggle.Both these plays hit the cultural mark of their respective historical periods by providing enlightening insights into death and other relevant issues of the day by incorporating some comedic value into the entertaining dramas.Works Cited Albee, Edward. â€Å"The Sandbox. † 1959. Perrine†s Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense. 10th ed. Ed. Thomas R Arp and Greg Johnson. Boston:Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. 1064 – 1070. â€Å"Everyman. † Everyman and Medieval Miracle Plays. Ed. J M Dent. North Claredon: Tuttle Publishing, 1993. 197 – 225. Fan, Ruiping â€Å"Which Care? Whose Responsibility? And Why Family? A Confucian Account of Long-Term Care for the Elderly. † Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 32. 5 (2007): 495-517. Philosopher's Index. EBSCO. Web. 14 Dec. 2009. Freeman Travers, Carolyn. â€Å"Myth and Reality. † Pli moth Plantation. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Dec. 2009. . Gabbard, Lucina P. â€Å"Edward Albee's Triptych on Abandonment. † Twentieth Century Literature: A Scholarly and Critical Journal 28. 1 (1982): 14-33. Hofstra University 10 Dec. 2009 Goldhamer, Allen D. â€Å"Everyman: Dramatization of Death† Quarterly Journal of Speech 59. 1 (1973): 87 – 98. Communication & Mass Media Complete. EBSCO. Web. 10 Dec. 2009. Moran, Dennis V. â€Å"The Life of Everyman. † Neophilologus. 56. (1972): 324-30. MLA International Bibliography. Gale. Liberty University. 11 Dec. 2009 . Roundane, Mathew C. Understanding Edward Albee. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1987 Trueman, Chris â€Å"The Medieval Church. † History Learning Site. 1. , n. d. Web. 14 Dec. 2009. . U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Public Health Service. â€Å"New York State Life Tables: 1958-61. Vol. 2. Washington: n. p. , 1966. 76. Center for Disease Control Web. 13 Dec. 2009 . .

Rotational Dynamics

Rotational Dynamics Abstract Rotational dynamics is the study of the many angular equivalents that exist for vector dynamics, and how they relate to one another. Rotational dynamics lets us view and consider a completely new set of physical applications including those that involve rotational motion. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the rotational concepts of vector dynamics, and study the relationship between the two quantities by using an Atwood machine, that contains two different masses attached. We used the height (0. Mom) of the Atwood machine, and the average time (2. 5 s) the heavier eight took to hit the bottom, to calculate the acceleration (0. 36 m/SAA) of the Atwood machine. Once the acceleration was obtained, we used it to find the angular acceleration or alpha (2. 12 radar/SAA) and moment of force(torque) of the Atwood machine, in which then we were finally able to calculate the moment of inertia for the Atwood machine. In comparing rotational dynamics a nd linear dynamics to vector dynamics, it varied in the fact that linear dynamics happens only in one direction, while rotational dynamics happens in many different directions, while they are both examples of vector dynamics.Laboratory Partners Divine Kraal James Mulligan Robert Goalless Victoria Parr Introduction The experiment deals with the Rotational Dynamics of an object or the circular motion (rotation) of an object around its axis. Vector dynamics, includes both Rotational and Linear dynamics, which studies how the forces and torques of an object, affect the motion of it. Dynamics is related to Newton's second law of motion, which states that the acceleration of an object produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.This is where the famous law of F=ma, force equals mass times acceleration, which directly deals with Newton's second law of motion. The important part of Newton's second law and how it relates to rotational dynamics and circular motion, is that Newton's second law of rotation is applied directly towards the Atwood machine, which is Just a different form of Newton's second law. This equation for circular motion is: torque=FRR=l(alpha), which is important for helping us understand what forces are acting upon the Atwood machine. It is important to test the formulas because it either refutes or provesNewton's second law of rotation and more importantly helps us discover the moment of inertia and what it really means. Although both rotational and linear dynamics fall under the category of vector dynamics, there is a big difference between the two quantities. Linear dynamics pertains to an object moving in a straight line and contains quantities such as force, mass, displacement, velocity, acceleration and momentum. Rotational dynamics deals with objects that are rotating or moving in a curved path and involves the q uantities such as torque, moment of inertia, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and angular momentum.In this lab we will be incorporating both of these ideas, but mainly focusing on the rotational dynamics in the Atwood Machine. Every value that we discover in the experiment is important for finding the moment of inertia for the Atwood machine, which describes the mass property of an object that describes the torque needed for a specific angular acceleration about an axis of rotation. This value will be discovered by getting the two masses used on the Atwood machine and calculating the weight, then getting the average time it takes for the smaller weight to hit the ground, the height of theAtwood machine, the radius, the circumference, and the mass of the wheel. From these values, you can calculate the velocity, acceleration, angular acceleration, angular velocity, and torque. Lastly, the law of conservation of energy equation is used to find the formulas used to finally obtain the moment of inertia. Once these values are obtained, it is important to understand the rotational dynamics and how it relates to vector dynamics. It is not only important to understand how and why they relate to each other, but to prove or disprove Newton's second law of motion and understand what it means.Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to study the rotational concepts of vector dynamics, and to understand the relationship between them. We will assume the relationships between the two quantities hold to be true, by using an Atwood machine with two different masses attached to discover the moment of inertia for the circular motion. Equipment The equipment used in this experiment is as follows: 1 Atwood machine 1 0. 20 kilogram weight 1 0. 25 kilogram weight 1 scale 1 piece of string 1 stopwatch with 0. 01 accuracy Procedure 1 . Gather all of the equipment for the experiment. 2.Measure the weight of the two masses by using the scale, making sure to measure as accurately as possible. 3. Measure the length of the radius of the wheel on the Atwood machine. Then after obtaining this number, double it to obtain the circumference. 4. After measuring what is need, proceed to set up the Atwood machine properly. Ask the TA for assistance if needed. 5. First start by tying the end of the string to both weights, double knotting to make sure that it is tight. 6. Set the string with the weights attached to the groove of the Atwood machine wheel, making sure that it is properly in place. 7.Then set the lighter mass on the appropriate end of the machine, and hold in place, so that the starting point is at O degrees. 8. Make sure that the stopwatch is ready to start recording time. 9. When both the timer and the weight dropper are ready to start, release the weight and start the time in sync with one another. 10. At the exact time the mass makes contact with the floor, stop the time as accurately and precise as possible. 1 1 . Repeat this process three times, so t hat an average can be obtained of the three run times, making the data a much more accurate representation of the time it takes he weight to hit the ground. 2. Now that the radius, masses, and time are recorded, it is time to perform the calculations of the data. 13. Calculate the velocity, acceleration, angular acceleration, moment of force or torque, and finally moment of inertia. 14. Finally, compare the relationships of the rotational concepts inquired and draw conclusions. Notes and Observations The Atwood machine contained four outer cylinders that stuck out of the wheel, which cause air resistance in rotation, and contribute to the moment of inertia. The timer, was hard to stop at the exact right time when the weight made contact with he floor.Lastly, there was friction of the string on the wheel, when the weight was released and it rubbed on the wheel. Data Mass of the first weight: 250 g=O. Keg Mass of the second weight: egg=O. Keg Weight 1=MGM= 2. 45 N Weight 2=MGM= 1. 96 N Time 1: 2. 20 seconds Time 2: 2. 19 seconds Time 3: 2. 06 seconds Height: 82. 4 CM= 0. 824 m Radius: 17 CM= 0. 17 m Circumference (distance)= 0. 34 m Mass of the wheel= 221. G x 4= egg= 0. Keg 2 x (change in a= (change in 0. 36 urn,'92 a=r x (alpha) alpha= alarm = 2. 12 radar/92 Velocity'=d/t -?0. 58 m/s E(final) E(final) + Work of friction (l)g(change in height)= h + m(2)g(change in height) + h + h law v/r Moment of Inertia= 0. 026 keg x m/SAA summation of . 876 Error Analysis There was error to account for in this lab, which first started with the four cylinders that stuck out of the Atwood machine in a circular pattern. This caused air resistance in which we could not account for. We only measured the weight of the four cylinders for the total weight of the Atwood machine, because the wheel itself was massages in comparison.Even though it accounted for very little error in our experiment, it effected the other numbers that we calculated in our data, making them a little less ac curate. When finding the amount of time it took the heavier weight to make contact with the rubber pad, there was human error in the reaction time of the timer in which we accounted for, making our data more accurate and precise. This is why we averaged all of the values in order to make the times more precise. Lastly, there was error for the friction of the string making contact with the wheel, which we did not account for, because there was no way of accounting for it.The reason why the force f the tension and the weight were not equal to each other was because of this friction force that existed, which we were not able to find. Conclusion Throughout this experiment we examined the circular dynamics of a pendulum when outside act upon it, making the pendulum move in a circular motion. We measured many values, including the period, in order to determine the theoretical and experimental forces acting on the pendulum. From this we were able to draw conclusions about how the experimen tal and theoretical forces relate to each other.We also were able to test Newton's second law of motion determining whether or not t holds to be true. The values that we obtained to get our experimental and theoretical forces started with setting up the cross bar set-up, and attaching the string with the pendulum to the force gauge and obtaining the tension in the string which was 3 Newton's, by reading the off of the gauge, while the pendulum was swinging in a circle. We then measured the mass of the pendulum with a balance scale to be 0. 267 kilograms, which were then able to find the weight to be 2. 63 Newton's.Next we were able to find the length of the string and force gauge attached to the pendulum. Instead of measuring Just the string attached to the pendulum, we also measured the force gauge, because without it our readings would be inaccurate. After placing the wall grid under the pendulum, we received the numeric value of 0. 5 meters of the radius by reading it off of the chart, by measuring from the origin, to the end of the where the pendulum hovered the graph. Then we found the period by using the stopwatch, which was 1. 71 seconds. We started the time at the beginning of the first crossbar and ended it at the same place.With these numbers that we measured we were able o calculate the angle of the string to the crossbars when it was in motion to be 35. 5 degrees. Then we found the constant velocity by using V = nor/t, in which we obtained the value of 1. 84 meters/second. From this we used the formula a = ‘ГËÅ"2/r to calculate the constant acceleration which was 6. 67 m/SAA, which we came to the understanding that the pendulum was moving very quickly, and that it took a while to slow down. From this we used Newton's famous second law, which was F=ma, to solve for the Force that was subjected on the pendulum.We knew that if this value was airily close to our experimental value that his theory would be proven correct. Me modified the equa tion to fit for the situation that was involved, in which we used F = m x ‘ГËÅ"2/r to receive the value of 1. 81 Newton's. Lastly, by using all of the data that we obtained from the experiment, we used the formula Force Experimental= Ft(sin B) to get an experimental force value of 1. 74 Newton's, which lead us to believe we solved for the correct formulas, and followed the procedure for the experiment correctly. Some of the discrepancy in our data comes from the instability of the crossbar set- up.This is because our crossbar holders were not in place correctly, which we couldn't correct, so we obtained our data as accurately as we could. Another error in our data came from the force gauge, in that it didn't stand still when we set the pendulum in motion. We couldn't read exactly what was on the force gauge and it also kept changing numbers, so we had to estimate based on what we saw. Lastly, the error in reaction time of the stopwatch changed our data. Without these erro rs existing, I believe our experimental values would be closer to our theoretical values. Even though this may be true, our values were only different by 0. Newton's, meaning we performed the experiment correctly for the most part. From the results that we obtained from the experiment, we now understand what we would have to do to improve our results in collecting data and obtaining the Experimental Force acting on the pendulum. Our error could have been improved by using a different table with more stability, improving our reaction time, and obtaining multiple values for the force gauge then averaging the results. We figured out that even though there was error in our experimentation, that our values were still pretty accurate Judging by the theoretical value.Theoretical values are based on what is discovered by physicists performing the experiment over and over again. So to use these values and get a number only fractions off, shows that the way we performed our experiment was not very far off. We proved Newton's second law to be true, because by doing the experiment and getting similar values shows that his concept holds to be true. The forces that we used to move the pendulum showed the dynamics of the pendulum, and how this can be used to understand concepts of the planets rotating around the sun in the universe, Just at a much smaller scale.

Analysis Of I Heard A Fly Buzz When I Died - 996 Words

Emily Dickinson was a prominent poet in the 1800’s and still is today. Never leaving her home, Dickinson developed a unique writing style, a talent for iambic pentameter, and the use of syntax. Dickinson was a writer during the Romantic Era of poetry, where everything was romanticized: death, love, etc. Of her poems, â€Å"I Heard a Fly Buzz- When I Died,† is the most difficult to acquire the meaning from, but also the darkest of all her poems. In the poem, Dickinson describes a scene of a person, on their death bed, surrounded by people. The mood is calm, and serene, but it is interrupted by a buzzing fly. As the poem progresses, the pesky fly is forgotten and Dickinson explains the doleful environment in the room. The poem goes on to†¦show more content†¦Dickinson mentions eyes that have been hung dry. It is implied that the eyes belong to the people in the room, and they have been hung dry on account of the tears that they have wept. The eyes are now hung dry because the people have come to the point of acceptance. In addition, Dickinson describes the reaction of the people in the room. According to Melissa Sammy, â€Å"the narrator states that the mourners have cried until their eyes have become dry, and they are regaining their composure.† (Sammy, 2013) Furthermore, they are also awaiting ‘the king’, or Satan. This is shown when Dickinson expresses: And Breaths were gathering firm For that last Onset—when the King Be witnessed—in the Room— (Dickinson, 1862) The most common misconception about the king is that it symbolizes God. The word â€Å"onset† has a negative meaning therefore, King refers to Satan. The third and fourth stanza both interplay with each other. The fly returns in the third stanza, but now it is named an intruder. In the fourth stanza, Dickinson describes the fly as something blocking out light from the narrator. Flies are frequently associated with decomposition, so the fly, in this case, represents death. According to Shmoop, â€Å"this fly could be a symbol of death, and then his getting in the way of the light could start to seem kind of evil. He’s interrupting the speaker’s progress toward the comforting beauty of the light† (Shmoop Editorial Team, 2008) Going furtherShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of I Heard A Fly Buzz When I Died1381 Words   |  6 PagesLater in her life, Dickinson writes about death and the overwhelming presence of death. Her famous poem, I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died, talks about death and the decay of the body. According to Helen Vendler’s Dickinson: Selected Poems and Commentaries, it gives an analysis of the I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died in line 7 of the poem the king will be coming and will reclaim what belongs to him and when he comes it will be witnessed by the bystanders in the room. The King is coming for the deceased andRead MoreAnalysis Of I Heard A Fly Buzz When I Died1137 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Dickinson’s â€Å"I heard a Fly buzz - when I died† describes a death speaker looks back the moment of his or her death. Using the objects like the storm, the fly and the melancholy of the people around to express the mood of the speaker, Dickinson reveals that faces the death, the speaker is afraid at first, but finally, the speaker finds the calmness and peace inside herself or himself. Like â€Å"I heard a Fly buzz - when I died†, After Death also addresses a moment before death. Rossetti uses theRead MoreAn Analysis of I Heard a Fly Buzz- When I Died and Jilting of Granny Weatherall1714 Words   |  7 PagesChrist then they will go to heaven, however, if a person fails to let go of their sins or does not live accept Christ then they will not find eternal life in heaven. Both â€Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall† by Katherine Anne Porter and â€Å"I Heard a Fly Buzz- When I Died† by Emily Dickinson depict characters who fail to find salvation after death because of their inability to see God in the physical form; the authors illustrate this using different literary elements including style, symbols and allusionsRead More Analysis of I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died and Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson593 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died and Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson wrote many poems in her lifetime. She writes two of my favorite poems. They are: ?I heard a Fly buzz when I died? and ?Because I could not stop for Death?. They both have similarities and differences from each other. There are similarities in these two poems such as the theme and the observentness of the narrator. Both of the poems themes involve death. In ?I heardRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Dickinson s I Heard A Fly Buzz When I 929 Words   |  4 Pagesmatter when or who it is, one could be young, middle-aged, or old. One could be born into wealth, royalty, or poverty. In a perfect world everyone would live to old age and pass away in their sleep, but this isn’t a perfect world and the reality is that death could come at any moment, whether one is ready or not. Many people fear death as it means an end to everything they’ve done in their life while others see it as the next stage of theirs. Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"I heard a Fly buzz-when I died-† showsRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Dickinson s Emily 1867 Words   |  8 Pagesconsider what the deeper meaning behind the piece may be. I Heard a Fly Buzz—when I died does all that but it also perplexes the reader, making one wonder what was Emily Dickison writing about in this poem? And what is the reader supposed to take away? It begins with the tone, in the very first sentence, I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—, there is a puzzling, almost disbelief on the part of the speaker. They can’t seem to believe that the fly is there, at their deathbed; interrupting what should beRead MoreEmily Dickinson Review and Interpretation of Poems #449, #465, and #7121476 Words   |  6 Pageswill survive years to come due to its revolutionary ideas and its universality. In one of her poems, I died for beauty, but was scarce, one can obviously see the theme of death and the ABCB rhyme scheme. I died for beauty, but was scarce Adjusted in the tomb, When one who died for truth was lain In an adjoining room. He questioned softly why I failed? For beauty, I replied. And I for truth,-- the two are one; We brethren are, he said. And so, as kinsmen met a night, We talked betweenRead MoreEmily Dickinson Poetry Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesshe is writing with seriousness and sensitivity. Emily Dickinson was born on December 10th, 1830, in the town on Amherst, Massachusetts. Amherst, 50 miles outside of Boston was becoming well known as a centre for education. â€Å"In 1830, was the time when railroads were beginning to crisscross the country, connecting places that were formerly unreachable; people thought of train travel the way we think of traveling to other planets† (Borus9). During this, the economy was based on agriculture, and mostRead MoreEmily Dickinson As A Poet Of The Dark And Depressive Nature996 Words   |  4 Pagesobscurity and simplicity. She spent little time outside of the family home and died at the premature age of fifty-five. Having had no known romantic relationships or children, she spent her life considerably alone. Aside from her family and the years she was in school, she was never around people who she could become close to or form relationships with. This would have greatly affected her writing style, subjects, and mindset when it c ame to writing. There is little evidence as to why Dickinson was so introvertedRead MoreEssay On Emily Dickinson1348 Words   |  6 Pagesafter her death, her art is now praised with its impact on society. She intrigues readers with prominent themes of life and death and its comparison to living and nonliving aspects. Dickinson’s unique background, interesting purpose of poetry in I heard a Fly buzz, and perplexed criticism makes her poems relevant with age. Dickinson’s background is quite special. Her 55-year lifespan from December 10, 1830 to May 15, 1886 consisted primarily in Amherst, Massachusetts, and more specifically in her bedroom